To add to footnote 16: Completely automated load-shifting in HVAC systems is already a thing. Our old factory (nearly 10^5 square metres) had a slush-tank system, with the chillers cooling a reservoir of water, instead of feeding 4 degree C water directly into the HVAC system coils. When electricity was expensive, the chillers would turn off, and we'd cool the building from the reservoir. When electricity was cheap, the chillers would turn on, and run until the tank was full of a water-ice slurry at 0 degrees C.